This article expands on the existing research by articulating three different paradigms for ketamine treatment: biochemical, psychotherapeutic, and psychedelic.

MDMA-assisted approaches can turbo-charge savouring/compassion/gratitude positive affect treatments.

The effects of psychedelic drugs in headache and chronic pain disorders have been reported for several decades, and now controlled studies are emerging.

Given the potential direct and indirect effects of psychedelic treatment on food intake, there is a lot of excitement for its use as a novel therapeutic.

The results suggest that LSD is a relatively safe drug in recreational settings. Adverse reactions are typically short-lived, self-limiting and psychological in nature.

We conclude that combination psychedelic treatment and psychotherapy facilitate more enduring and profound antidepressant effects than produced by ketamine or psilocybin alone.

This review provides a rationale for the use of MDMA in the treatment of negative symptoms by reviewing the literature on negative symptoms, their treatment, MDMA, and MDMA-assisted therapy.

The aim of this paper is to construct a picture of what models of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy are currently adopted in clinical research and to report on their clinical outcomes.

This study aims to review which psychometric instruments are available to assess subjective states induced by psychedelics.

Our findings suggest that regular participation in ayahuasca ceremonies is not linked to relevant health harms.

Understanding the phenomenology and content of the inhaled N, N, dimethyltryptamine (N, N-DMT) experience

In this study, we describe the development and initial validation of two psychometric scales for measuring psychedelic integration.

We review data related to expectation and placebo effects, but argue that claims that microdosing effects are largely due to expectancy are premature and possibly wrong.

There are many sources from which psychedelic psychotherapy could draw, we argue that current gold-standard, evidence-based psychotherapeutic paradigms provide the best starting point.

Early positive results released on LSD for anxiety and Ketamine for behavioural addictions.

Further research exploring novel treatment options, such as psychedelics, in FND may be warranted.