Case analysis of long-term negative psychological responses to psychedelics

The authors of this cautioning paper write: "Distilling the content of the interviews suggested the following potential causal factors: unsafe or complex environments during or surrounding the experience, unpleasant acute experiences (classic psychedelics), prior psychological vulnerabilities, high- or unknown drug quantities and young age. The current exploratory findings corroborate the reality of mental health iatrogenesis via psychedelic-use but due to design limitations and sample size, cannot be used to infer on its prevalence. Based on interview reports, we can infer a common, albeit multifaceted, causal mechanism, namely the combining of a pro-plasticity drug—that was often ‘over-dosed’—with adverse contextual conditions and/or special psychological vulnerability—either by young age or significant psychiatric history. Results should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size and selective sample and study focus."

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American psychiatrists' opinions about classic hallucinogens and their potential therapeutic applications: A 7-year follow-up survey

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Longitudinal and transcultural assessment of the relationship between hallucinogens, well-being, and post-traumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic